The latest craze has been 3D television for home entertainment centers. This is a great way to experience movies, sports and other programs from the friendly confines of your home. But with the impressive visuals that 3D televisions provide, you may be left wondering: How do these televisions work?
First you have to understand how every-day life is seen in 3D. Close one of your eyes and walk around the house. You’re sense of depth quickly diminishes and vision flattens out. Then open both eyes and you see surroundings with more depth. The difference between each eye’s views is that the object is bigger when it’s closer and tapers off to objects farther away. The brain can utilize that information and calculates the distance to give you a perception of depth. So to create that sense of depth on a screen each eye sees video that is shot from a slightly different angle to correspond with the average distance between human eyes.
3D started with the movies. Old-fashioned 3D movies used color to separate the two images. Now movie theaters use polarization, which is a property of light rays. We usually think of light traveling in a straight line, but it can actually wiggle up and down or side to side, or even spin like a corkscrew. Polarizing filters can allow just one type of light ray to pass through.
Movie theaters project two images: the right eye perspective is projected with clockwise-polarized light and the left eye receives counter-clockwise light. With the polarized glasses only the proper polarity reaches each eye. This allows the brain to register the different perspectives and view it with depth perception.
With home televisions, the 3D vision works a little differently: LCD or plasma TVs rapidly flash alternating left-eye and right-eye video frames. Instead of polarizing filters, the glasses have lenses that are actually tiny LCD panels. These glasses are known as active shutter glasses. So when the right-eye video flashes on the screen the LCD offer the right eye switches from opaque to clear. The right-eye LCD shuts again and the left-eye becomes clear with the left-eye frame appears. At any moment there’s only one perspective through one eye. But with the images alternating at 120 times per second, you’ll perceive a full, 3D view.
While glasses are awkward to wear and expensive, there are newer 3D televisions that don’t require glasses. The technology is still being worked on, but 3D television has made great advances in making home entertainment more enjoyable and immersive.
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